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The Charter of Ban Kulin () was a trade agreement between the Banate of Bosnia and the Republic of Ragusa that effectively regulated Ragusan trade rights in medieval Bosnia written on 29 August 1189. It is one of the oldest written state documents in the Balkans. According to the charter, Bosnian Ban Kulin promises to Prince Krvaše and all the people of Dubrovnik full freedom of movement and trading across his country. The charter is written in two languages: Latin and old form of Shtokavian dialect of Bosnian language, with Bosnian part being a loose translation of the Latin original.〔Amira Turbić-Hadžagić, Bosanski književni jezik (prvi razvojni period od 9. do 15. stoljeća), – u ''Bosanski jezik'', časopis za kulturu bosankoga književnog jezika br. 4, Tuzla, 2005.〕 The scribe was named as ''Radoje'', and the script is Bosnian Cyrillic (''Bosančica''). The charter is of great significance in Bosnian national pride and historical heritage. ==Language== The Charter is the first diplomatic document written in the old Bosnian language and represents the oldest work written in the Bosnian Cyrillic script (''Bosančica''). As such, it is of particular interest to both linguists and historians. Apart from the trinitarian invocation (''U ime Otca i Sina i svetago Duha''), which characterizes all charters of the period, the language of the charter is completely free of Church Slavonic influence. The language of the charter reflects several important phonological changes that have occurred in Bosnian until the 12th century:〔Dženeta Jukan (2009), ''Jezik Povelje Kulina bana'', Diplomski rad, p. 13〕 * loss of Common Slavic nasal vowels /ę/ > /e/ and /ǫ/ > /u/ * loss of weak ''jers'' (occurred during the 10th century; ceased to be spoken in the 11th century). Scribal tradition preserved them word-finally but they were not actually uttered. * The vowel ''yeri'' /y/ never occurs word-initially, and turns to /u/ after /k, g, x/. In the 12th century it has a very limited usage, and starts being replaced with the vowel /i/, a change also attested in Humac tablet. * change of word-initial cluster vь- to /u/ 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Charter of Ban Kulin」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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